Mechanism of tobacco osmotin gene in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress tolerance: A brief history

Plants are recurrently exposed to myriads of biotic and abiotic stresses leading several biochemical physiological variations that cause severe impacts on plant growth survival. To overcome these challenges, plants activate two primary defense mechanisms, such as structural response (cell wall strengthening waxy epidermal cuticle development) metabolic changes, including the synthesis anti-microbial compounds proteins, especially pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. PR proteins members a super large family exhibit antimicrobial activities. Their over-expression in provides tolerance many stresses. have been classified into 17 families, PR-5–also called thaumatin-like (TLPs) involve osmotin osmotin-like (OLPs). Osmotin was first identified tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum var. Wisconsin 38), then its homolog (OLPs) were reported from whole kingdom. OLPs ubiquitous all fruits vegetables. expression has detected various tissues organs. The phylogenetic tree studies revealed group originated spermatophytes. Moreover, atomic structure OLP shown similarity thaumatin TLPs monocot eudicot species, which determines strong evolutionary pressure flowering for conserving fold. This is associated with role against pathogens molecules induce stress factors. In this review, we briefly described development history osmotin, function mechanism plants.